Ribonucleic acid (RNA), is one of the three major macromolecules (along with DNA and proteins). Like DNA, RNA is made up of a long chain of components called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nucleobase, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. Unlike DNA, most RNA molecules are single-stranded. The sequence of nucleotides allows RNA to encode genetic information.
RNA has many functions in the body and are therefore usually distinguishes many different subtypes, eg:
Some RNA molecules play an active role in cells by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, or sensing and communicating responses to cellular signals.
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